| MOON SE IL |  |
| Graduate School of Business | |
| Professor |
Last Updated :2025/05/09
Researcher Profile and Settings
researchmap
Contact Point
smoon
mail.doshisha.ac.jp
Research Interests
Research Areas
Research Experience
- Kyoto University, Graduate School of Economics, Professor, 2006/04 - 2023/09
- Dean, Graduate School of Economics, Kyoto University, 2016/04 - 2018/03
- Kyoto University, Graduate School of Economics, Associate Professor, 1999/04 - 2006/03
- Tohoku University, Graduate School of Information Sciences, Associate Professor, 1993 - 1999
- Research Center for Applied Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Research Associate, 1989 - 1993
Education
- Kyoto University, Graduate School of Engineering, 土木工学, - 1988
- Ritsumeikan University, College of Science and Engineering, 土木工学, - 1981
Degree
Association Memberships
- International Transportation Economics Association, 2010, 9999
- 日本交通学会, 2000, 9999, url
- 日本経済学会
- 国際地域学会(Regional Science Association International)
- 応用地域学会(ARSC)
- 土木学会
Committee Memberships
- Executive Committee, 2022 - Today, International Transportation Economics Association, Society
- Editorial Board, 2007 - Today, Annals of Regional Science, Society
- Editorial Board,, 2007 - Today, International Journal of Sustainable Transportation, Society
- Editorial Board, 2016 - 2021, Papers in Regional Science, Society
- Editorial Board,, 2014 - 2019, Transportation Research Part B, Society
- President, 2015/04 - 2017/03, Applied Regional Science Conference, Society
Awards
Published Papers
- Joint provision of transportation infrastructure
Se-il MUN
Economics of Transportation, 19 100118 , Sep. 2019, Scientific journal - The Organisation of Multiple Airports in a Metropolitan Area
Se-il Mun; Yusuke Teraji
JOURNAL OF TRANSPORT ECONOMICS AND POLICY, UNIV BATH, 46 221 - 237, May 2012, Scientific journal - Pricing and investment of cross-border transport infrastructure
Se-il Mun; Shintaro Nakagawa
REGIONAL SCIENCE AND URBAN ECONOMICS, ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 40(4) 228 - 240, Jul. 2010, Scientific journal - Carpooling and congestion pricing: HOV and HOT lanes
Hideo Konishi; Se-il Mun
REGIONAL SCIENCE AND URBAN ECONOMICS, ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 40(4) 173 - 186, Jul. 2010, Scientific journal - The allocation of services among multiple airports in a metropolitan area: a case study of Osaka
文 世一; 寺地祐介
交通学研究, 日本交通学会, (54) 165 - 174, 2010 - Road Pricing in a Serial Network
Se-il Mun; Ki-jung Ahn
JOURNAL OF TRANSPORT ECONOMICS AND POLICY, UNIV BATH, 42 367 - 395, Sep. 2008, Scientific journal - Cross-border transport infrastructure and aid policies
Se-il Mun; Shintaro Nakagawa
ANNALS OF REGIONAL SCIENCE, SPRINGER, 42(2) 465 - 486, Jun. 2008, Scientific journal - Second-best Congestion pricing in road network: cordon pricing and existing toll-roads
文世一; 秋山孝正; 奥嶋政嗣
Journal of applied regional science, 応用地域学会, (12) 15 - 25, 2007 - Flextime, traffic congestion and urban productivity
Se-il Mun; Makoto Yonekawa
JOURNAL OF TRANSPORT ECONOMICS AND POLICY, UNIV BATH, 40 329 - 358, Sep. 2006, Scientific journal - Optimal cordon pricing in a non-monocentric city
SI Mun; KJ Konishi; K Yoshikawa
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART A-POLICY AND PRACTICE, PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 39(7-9) 723 - 736, Aug. 2005, Scientific journal - Private goods provided by local governments
K Akutagawa; S Mun
REGIONAL SCIENCE AND URBAN ECONOMICS, ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 35(1) 23 - 48, Jan. 2005, Scientific journal - Second-Best Congestion Pricing in Urban Space: Cordon Pricing and Its Alternatives
Takamasa Akiyama; Se-il Mun; Masashi Okushima
Review of Network Economics, Vol.3, pp.401-414, 2004 - Optimal cordon pricing
S Mun; K Konishi; K Yoshikawa
JOURNAL OF URBAN ECONOMICS, ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE, 54(1) 21 - 38, Jul. 2003, Scientific journal - 地方政府による私的サービスの供給
芥川一則; 文 世一
『応用地域学研究』No. 5，2000年，139-148ページ, 2000 - Peak-load pricing of a bottleneck with traffic jam
S Mun
JOURNAL OF URBAN ECONOMICS, ACADEMIC PRESS INC, 46(3) 323 - 349, Nov. 1999, Scientific journal - 都市間コミュニケーションとオフィス企業の支店立地
文世一
『応用地域学研究』No. 4，1999年，77-88ページ, 4 77 - 88, 1999 - Transport network and system of cities
SI Mun
JOURNAL OF URBAN ECONOMICS, ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS, 42(2) 205 - 221, Sep. 1997, Scientific journal - Route navigation by providing road price information: A theoretical approach.
Mun Se-il; Kobayashi Kiyoshi; Yasuno Takato
Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshu, Japan Society of Civil Engineers, 1997(562) 57 - 67, Apr. 1997 - A dynamic analysis of multiple-center formation in a city
K Sasaki; S Mun
JOURNAL OF URBAN ECONOMICS, ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS, 40(3) 257 - 278, Nov. 1996, Scientific journal - SPATIAL EQUILIBRIA OF RETAIL ACTIVITY AND THEIR SOCIAL EFFICIENCY
MUN Se-il
Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshuu D, Japan Society of Civil Engineers, 12 179 - 186, 1995 - 交通情報による経路誘導システムの経済便益評価に関する研究
小林潔司; 文 世一; 多々納裕一
土木学会論文集, 土木学会, (506) 77 - 86, 1995 - TRAFFIC JAMS AND THE CONGESTION TOLL
SI MUN
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART B-METHODOLOGICAL, PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 28(5) 365 - 375, Oct. 1994, Scientific journal - Telecommunication technologies and optimal location of office firms
Se-il Mun
Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Vol.1, pp.109-119, Tohoku University, 1 109 - 119, 1994 - 超混雑の経済学的分析に関する一考察
文 世一
高速道路と自動車, 高速道路調査会, 36(9) 16 - 22, Sep. 1993 - 地価の変化, 住宅の買い替えと世帯の立地
文 世一
『応用情報学研究年報』第18巻，1993年，173-178ページ, 1993 - 混雑料金と交通量配分
文世一
土木計画学研究 論文集, 11 113 - 120, 1993 - EFFECTS OF URBAN-TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM CHANGE ON LAND PRICES IN THE SETTING OF OWNER-OCCUPIED RESIDENCE
SI MUN; K SASAKI
JOURNAL OF URBAN ECONOMICS, ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS, 32(3) 351 - 366, Nov. 1992, Scientific journal - 企業間のコンタクトを内生化したオフィス立地モデル
文世一; 吉川和広; 中村健一
土木学会論文集, 土木学会, (440) 91 - 100, Jan. 1992 - Impacts of Telecommunication Technology on Travel Demand, Location of Office Firms and City Size
Mun Se-il
Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshuu D, Japan Society of Civil Engineers, 10 111 - 118, 1992 - 複数業種を考慮したオフィス立地モデル
文 世一
『応用情報学研究年報』第16巻2号， 1991年，125-131ページ, 1991 - 世帯の住み替えモデルと都市圏住宅立地のシミュレーション分析
文 世一
『応用情報学研究年報』第15巻第1号，1990年，107-119ページ, 15(1), 1990 - A Model of Urban Land Development Focusing on Developers' Behavior
Mun Se-il
Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshuu D, Japan Society of Civil Engineers, 8 129 - 136, 1990 - 商業地再開発の規模と構成に関するモデル分析手法
小林潔司; 吉川和広; MUN S
土木学会論文集, 土木学会, (401) 69 - 78, Jan. 1989 - 木造賃貸住宅の建て替え意向形成に関するモデル分析
吉川和広; 文世一
『日本都市計画学会学術研究論文集』第22号，1987年，79-84ページ, 1987 - 既成市街地における居住環境整備に関するモデル分析
吉川和広; 小林潔司; MUN S
日本都市計画学会学術研究論文集, (21) 229 - 234, Oct. 1986 - 土地利用モデルを用いた大都市周辺地域整備計画に関する研究
吉川和広; 小林潔司; 文 世一
『土木計画学研究論文集』第3巻，1986年，129-136ページ, 1986 - SIMULATION-MODEL APPLIED TO JAPANESE EXPRESSWAY
Y MAKIGAMI; T NAKANISHI; K SEILL
JOURNAL OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING-ASCE, ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS, 110(1) 94 - 111, 1984, Scientific journal - 高速道路の単路部渋滞モデルについて
巻上安爾; 中西恒彦; 久間木信夫; 金世一
『交通工学』第18巻 2号，1983年，3-16ページ, 18(2) 3 - 16, 1983
MISC
- 「地方鉄道の未来(上) 地域の主体的な関与 不可欠」
日本経済新聞「経済教室」, 07 Oct. 2022, Introduction commerce magazine - 「道路のプライシング」（特集 交通のプライシング）
運輸と経済, 81(3) 33 - 37, Mar. 2021 - 「論説・高速道路料金の理論と実際」
高速道路と自動車, 60(7) 5 - 8, Jul. 2017, Introduction scientific journal - 日本再生・空間経済学の視点(下) 新しい地域の姿、東北から」
文世一
日本経済新聞「経済教室」, 02 Sep. 2011 - 市街地変化に基づいた用途別床面積供給量の推計方法
文世一; 吉川和広; 本田武志; 亀井三郎
『土木計画学研究講演集』No. 11，1988年，431-438ページ, 1988 - 都市圏における市街地変化のモデル化に関する研究
文世一; 吉川和広; 本田武志; 亀井三郎
『土木計画学研究講演集』No. 10，1987年，299-306ページ, 1987 - 大都市近郊地域を対象とした商業地再開発モデルに関する二三の考察
吉川和広; 小林潔司; 文世一
『土木計画学研究講演集』No. 9，1986年，527-533ページ, 1986 - 既成市街地における居住環境整備のための市街地更新モデル
吉川和広; 小林潔司; 文世一
『土木計画学研究講演集』No. 9，511-518ページ, 1986 - 大都市圏域を対象とした地域整備・交通計画問題のシステム分析
吉川和広; 小林潔司; 金世一
『土木計画学研究講演集』No. 7，1985年，181-188ページ, 1985
Books etc
- Handbook on Transport Pricing and Financing
Se-il Mun; Daisuke Fukuda
Edward Elgar, 2023, Contributor, Road pricing and provision of capacity - “Empirical Analysis of Transport Cost for Interregional Trade”, in Kakuya Matsushima and William P. Anderson (eds.), “Transportation, Knowledge and Space in Urban and Regional Economics”
Yoko Konishi; Se-il Mun; Yoshihiko Nishiyama; Ji-eun Sung
Edward Elgar,, 2018, “Empirical Analysis of Transport Cost for Interregional Trade” - “Model of hub port competition applied to ASEAN: the case of Singapore and Malaysia”, in Economic Integration and Regional Development,
ed. by; Kiyoshi Kobayashi; Khairuddin Abdul Rashid; Masahiko Furuichi; Willian P. Anderson, Authors; Se-il Mun; Yu Morimoto
Routledge, 2018 - Structural Change in Transportation and Communications in the Knowledge Society （分担執筆、 The Effects of Flex-Time on Traffic Patterns with Bottleneck Congestion）
ed. by; K. Kobayashi
Edward-Elgar, 2006, Scholarly book - 経済学用語辞典（分担執筆、１２項目担当）
佐和隆光
日本経済新聞社, 2006, Scholarly book - 交通混雑の理論と政策
文 世一
東洋経済新報社, 2005, Scholarly book - Theories of Endogenous Regional Growth （分担執筆、 The Economic System of Small-to-Medium Sized Regions in Japan）
ed. by; B. Johansson; C. Karlsson; R. Stough
Springer, 2001, Scholarly book - 交通混雑の経済分析（分担執筆、第１０章）
山田浩之
勁草書房, 2001, Scholarly book - 都市経済学の基礎
佐々木公明; 文 世一
有斐閣, 2000, Scholarly book - 知識社会と都市の発展（分担執筆、第６章）
小林潔司
森北出版, 1999, Scholarly book - 21世紀の都市と計画パラダイム（分担執筆、第２章）
吉川和広
丸善, 1995, Scholarly book - The Cosmo-Creative Society（分担執筆、 Impacts of developments in telecommunication systems on travel demand and the location of office firms）
ed. by; A.E.Andersson; D.F.Batten; K.Kobayashi; K.Yoshikawa
Springer-Verlag, 1993, Scholarly book - Toward Interactive and Intelligent Decision Support Systems （分担執筆、 A Land Use Model for Spatial Policy Analysis and Multi-Criteria Evaluation of Regional Development Planning）
ed. by; Y. Sawaragi
Springer-Verlag, 1987, Scholarly book
Research Projects
- 人口動態下の都市交通インフラ整備維持と国・地方・公共団体によるその財源調達最適化
河野 達仁; 土居 直史; 文 世一; 毛利 雄一; 羅 婉慈; 高山 雄貴
日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業, 2024/04 -2028/03, 基盤研究(B), 東北大学 - データ駆動パラメータが統計的機械学習に与える影響の高次漸近特性の理論的解明と応用
西山 慶彦; 文 世一; 人見 光太郎; 小西 葉子; 岩澤 政宗
日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業, 2023/04 -2027/03, 基盤研究(B), 京都大学 - Design of mass transit system and urban land use control
文 世一; 河野 達仁; 西山 慶彦; 伊藤 亮; 松島 格也
公共交通システムの設計が都市構造に及ぼす影響を説明可能な理論モデルを構築した。 都市経済学の土地利用モデルにおける交通費関数に、公共交通システムの設計変数（駅の間隔、路線長、運行頻度、運賃など）を組み込んでおり、交通費は、居住地から駅までの（徒歩による）アクセス費用、駅における待ち時間費用、そして乗車費用（運賃、乗車時間）の和として定義される。設計変数である駅の間隔を小さくすればアクセス費用が節約される。路線長を長くすれば交通機関の利用可能性を拡大する。このような設計変数に依存する交通費の変化が家計や企業の立地選択に影響を与え土地利用を変化させるメカニズムを定式化した。利用者が鉄道駅のような限られたアクセスポイントを通じてのみ乗降可能であるという、公共交通特有の費用構造を明示的に考慮した点が、このモデルの特徴である。 理論モデルを用いて、設計変数の変化が都市構造と経済厚生に及ぼす影響について比較静学分析を行った。続いて交通システム整備の代替的方式について、設計変数を内生的に求める問題を設定し、都市構造や経済厚生に及ぼす影響を分析した。代替的方式としては、鉄道会社のような企業による交通システム整備と公共部門による整備を検討した。前者は利潤最大化、後者は社会厚生最大化を目的とする。 分析の結果、駅間隔の減少は、周辺地域の人口密度を増加させ、都市のコンパクト化を促進すること、一方、路線の延伸は市街地の拡大をもたらすことがわかった。また、利潤最大化をめざす鉄道会社が選択する駅間隔は、社会厚生最大化に比べて長いという結果を得た。, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research, 2020/04 -2024/03, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), Kyoto University - 大規模データを使った因果推論のためのミクロ計量経済分析とEBPMへの応用
西山 慶彦; 文 世一; 人見 光太郎; 小西 葉子; 末石 直也; 柳 貴英; 岩澤 政宗
経済主体の原因変数の決まり方が、自身が所属する、データとして観測できないグループに依存して異なりうる実証的状況のための因果推論手法を開発した。この実証的状況において、原因変数を有限混合モデルにより定式化することを通じて、因果効果パラメータである限界処置効果および局所平均処置効果を識別・推定するための計量経済手法を開発し、その統計的性質を導出した。 特性関数を用いた効率的なパラメータの推定方法を提案した。推定量はスコア関数を三角関数が張る空間に射影した疑似的なスコア関数を用いることで得られる。提案した推定量は一定の条件の下で最尤推定量と漸近的に同等であることを示し、数値実験によりクラーメルラオの下限に極めて近い分散を達成できることを確認した。 操作変数回帰モデルにおける関数の特定化検定について、その検出力に関する性質を数値数値実験を用いて検証し、対立仮説が非平滑関数の集合に含まれる場合のminimax rateを調べた。未知の誤差分散構造を持つ操作変数回帰の設定では，最適なminimax rateはnをサンプルサイズとして nの1/4乗であることを示し、これを達成する簡単な検定法を開発した。 コロナ禍において、迅速な政策立案に貢献すべくビッグデータを活用して消費動向を捉える研究を行った。POSデータの活用によりマスクや手指消毒剤の不足、PC関連品の需要増による在宅勤務の浸透、デマによる紙製品の不足等、コロナ禍の初期の混乱期に情報発信した。コロナ禍で大きなダメージを受けたサービス産業について、業種別IT活用の深度と生産性の推移、小売業の生産性推定のための経済モデルの特定化と推定を行った。観光についても昨年度の成果を雑誌に公表した。 宇都宮市を対象として、交通システムへのアクセシビリティ（幹線道路、鉄道路線との距離）とメッシュ別土地利用（市街化の水準）の関係について分析した。, 日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業, 2019/04 -2023/03, 基盤研究(B), 京都大学 - Theoretical and empirical analysis on the structure of transport costs
Mun Se-il
Transport costs are essential in the process of transactions for economic activities, such as production and consumption. Transport cost has been treated as an exogenously given parameter in studies of urban economics, spatial economics, and international economics. We construct theoretical models of transportation market, in which transport cost is endogenously determined. We investigate the structure of the transport cost empirically. This project deals with the following 4 subjects: (A) Theoretical model of transport market with shippers and transport firms; (B) Transport cost determined by network strategies of carriers; (C) Transport cost determined by infrastructure policies of governments; (D) Empirical analysis of transport cost., Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research, 2016/04 -2020/03, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), Kyoto University - Semiparametric econometric analysis under the existence of endogeneity
Nishiyama Yoshihiko
Endogeneity is an important issue in econometrics using the observed economic data. We obtain the minimax rate of specification test of instrumental variable regression models. We showed that the rate depends on the smoothness of the model. In case of non-smooth model, we showed that the uniform rate is n^{-1/4} and proposed a testing method which attains the rate. As empirical research, we developed an alternative method to measure the values of transport time for freight transportation, which is based on the hedonic model to determine equilibrium freight charge and transport time. We also study other service industries such as retail and wholesale, beauty, and hotel sectors. We implemented empirical analysis by utilizing microdata of government and private sectors to discuss the effects of related policy based on the evidence. We develop unit root tests for AR models under sequential samplings. We derive the joint distribution of the estimated coefficients and the stopping time., Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research, 2015/04 -2019/03, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), Kyoto University - A Fundamental study on Quantitative Analysis of Cross-border Transport-Economy-Environmental policy in Asia
KIM KWANGMOON; Sakuramoto Takeshi; Kaneko Hidefumi; Francisco Secretario; Trinh Bui; Kyophilavong Phouphet; Paderanga Cayatano W.; Bi shihong
This research project conducted quantitative analysis of Cross-border Transport-Economy-Environmental policy in different regional hierarchies of Asian Countries. This research is composed of [1] Feasible compilation of government statistics in Asia based on International Standard, [2] Trial the compilation and utilization of economic statistics for tracing global economics, [3] Evaluation analysis of feasible regional cooperation towards economic integration in the Asian.It will progress through collaborations with various specialists, such as featuring statisticians, economists, government agencies, international organizations, and research partners in and out of several organizations., Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research, 2015/04 -2018/03, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), Kyoto University - Economic agglomerations: The mechanism of their formation and emergence of regularities, and policy implications
Mori Tomoya
We have developed a statistical clustering method to detect industrial agglomerations, and by using this have quantified the spatial scale of agglomerations which was found to be consistent with the implications of micro-economic models of agglomeration. By using the 1980-2010 data in Japan, we also have shown the evidence for constant churning of population and industrial composition of cities, together with the persistent stability in the size distribution and relative industrial composition of cities. To replicate such regularities at the distribution level, we have developed a numerical framework (utilizing super computers) to simulate high-dimensional non-linear systems. Finally, regarding the transport network formation and increasing returns in transportation, by using Japanese commodity flow survey data, we proposed a quantification of the value of shipment time and the extents of economies of long-hauling as well as transport density., Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research, 2013/04 -2017/03, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), Kyoto University - International Hub Competition and Economic Welfare
Mun Se-il; MORI Tomoya
We develop a model of port competition in a setting with two ports located in different countries, serving their home market but also competing for transshipment traffic from a third region. Using the model, we investigate the choice of two governments whether to privatize its port or to keep port operations public. We show that there exist equilibria in which the two governments choose privatization. In these equilibria, national welfare is higher relative to a situation where both ports are public. We further extend the model to incorporate the scale economy in port operation and describe the strategic capacity choice of port operators. We investigate the effect of scale economy on the port capacities in equilibrium, and examine whether the resulting capacities are at the efficient level., Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research, 2013/04 -2016/03, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), Kyoto University - International transportation and policies for infrastructure development
MUN Se-il; NISHIYAMA Yoshihiko; MORI Tomoya; SATOU Yasuhiro; YAMAMOTO Kazuhiro
We investigated theoretically and empirically the mechanisms of international transportation flow based on models of firms location and interregional trade. Based on these understanding, we examined the problems of resource allocation caused by interaction of decisions by multiple governments concerning the development of transport infrastructure supporting international transportation, to provide insights for more appropriate policy makings., Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research, 2009 -2012, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), Kyoto University - Managent of Boundaries and Japanese Firms Innonation
TAKEISHI Akira; SUGIYAMA Yasuo; WAKABAYASHI Naoki; KIKUTANI Tatsuya; BUN Seiichi; IDA Takanori; SAWABE Norio; HARA Yoshinori; OSANAI Atsushi; KU Seung-hwan; KANAI Kazuyori; YAMADA Jinichirou; NORO Yoshihisa
This research project conducted a series of empirical studies to understand how firms carry out innovations from an over-arching perspective of"management of boundaries"in the field of information and communication, automobile, and biotechnology industries. Over all, our studies indicated that it would be important to manage boundaries as multi-layered and dynamic, rather than given and static, in order to achieve innovation and competitive advantage, and Japanese firms need to improve their capabilities for such management. Also, this project showed that further research based on the perspective of"management of boundaries"would be valuable and promising., Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research, 2009 -2011, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A), Kyoto University - The Reasons for Regional Indifferentials and the policies for reducing them
TACHIBANAKI Toshiaki; FUJITA Masahisa; IHORI Toshihiro; ITABA Yoshio; KAWAGUCHI Akira; MUN Se-il; YAGI Tadashi; OHTA Soichi; MIYAZAWA Kazutoshi
The research outputs of the projects are huge as is shown in the lists of publications and conference presentations. The main issues are as follows : 1) the issues on the relation between the local finance and the interregional inequality, 2) the issues on the education policy and the interregional inequality, 3) the issues on the urban policy and interregional inequality, 4) the issues on labor policy and the interregional inequality, 5) the issues on social capital and the interregional inequality. Especially, we concluded that the effective utilization of the social functions given to community would be important policy for solving the problems of interregional inequalities., Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research, 2007 -2009, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A), Doshisha University - Analysis of Transport Policies in Spatial Economy
MUN Seil; MORI Tomoya; KOBAYASHI Kiyoshi; MATSUSHIMA Kakuya; FUJITA Masahisa
本研究では、交通流動の生じる根源的要因である、経済活動の空間的分布を分析するモデルを開発し、様々なタイプの交通政策が、経済の空間構造の変化を伴いながら、地域間の交通流動に及ぼす影響を分析するとともに、経済厚生の観点から代替的交通政策の評価を行った。, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research, 2005 -2008, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), Kyoto University - Development of the Economics of Complex Spatial Systems
FUJITA Masahisa; ISHIKAWA Yoshitaka; NAKAGAWA Dai; MUN Se-il; MORI Tomoya; TABUCHI Takatoshi
This research has conducted a comprehensive study on the economics of complex spatial systems, focusing on the five research tasks below : (1) Basic theory : From a common viewpoint of complex spatial systems, we have unified the spatial economics with endogenous growth theory by introducing new factors such as R&D agglomeration with knowledge externalities and the speed of innovations and knowledge spillover. We have also developed new models of knowledge creation and transfer among heterogeneous people, and new models of new economic geography with multinational firms. We have also developed a new information measure of detecting the spatial extent of economic / industrial agglomeration. (2) Empirical study on industrial agglomeration : Focusing on IT industry, we have investigated the collaboration between industries, local governments and academic institutions, and the contribution of industrial agglomeration on regional development. (3) Urban systems : based on our new models, we have investigated the dynamic process of urban system development, and the relationship among urbanization, birth rate, and income distribution. We have also empirically identified the agglomeration of manufacturing industries in Japan. (4) International regional system : Based on our new models, we have examined the relationship between trade pattern and transport networks, and the flying geese pattern of industrial transfer from developed countries to developing countries under the influence of knowledge spillover. (5) Industrial / urban location and transport・information system : We have investigated the impact of second-best transport policies on the urban spatial structure. Finally, we have developed the data-base on transportation networks and regional economic activities, and investigated the social benefits of transport improvement., Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research, 2001 -2005, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (S), Kyoto University - Analysis of Traffic Congestion in Urban Space and the Second-best Pricing Policies
BUN Seiichi; MORI Tomoya; KOBAYASHI Kiyoshi; FUJITA Masahisa
(1)Development of the spatial model of traffic congestion: The model describes trip making behavior and state of traffic congestion at each location on the urban space. Trip cost depends on traffic congestion along the path of trip, and, traffic congestion is the result of trip making decisions of road users. The model is formulated as a system of differential equations incorporating the above factors. (2)Optimal cordon pricing in a monocentric city: In a monocentric city, all trips are destined to the CBD. We formulate and solve the problem to obtain the optimal combination of cordon location and toll level, and investigate the properties of the solution. Under the optimal cordon pricing, trips from locations inside the cordon are under-priced, those just outside the cordon are over-priced and those in the fringe of the urban area are under-priced. Numerical simulations suggest that the cordon pricing attains an economic welfare Level very close to the first-best optimum. (3)Optimal cordon pricing in a non-monocentric city: We develop a spatial model of traffic congestion in a non-monocentric city, where trips occur between any pair of locations in a city. We evaluate the economic welfare for three schemes no-toll equilibrium, first best optimum, and optimal cordon pricing. Numerical simulations demonstrated that effectiveness of the cordon pricing depends on various factors including spatial structure of the city and other parameters. It is shown that welfare improvement by introducing the cordon pricing, tends to be large, when the urban spatial structure is close to monocentric; density gradient is steeper; trip demand is less elastic; road capacity is larger. (4)Empirical analysis for Osaka Metropolitan Area: We estimate parameters in trip demand function and trip cost function using the data for Osaka metropolitan area. We apply the network simulation model to Osaka Metropolitan Area, which is divided into 36 zones, and has the road network with 241 nodes and 634 link. It is shown that pricing at the single cordon improves the level of social surplus by 21%, and three layers cordon improves by 25%., Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research, 2001 -2003, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), KYOTO UNIVERSITY - Applied General Equilibrium Analysis of Transport Network and Multi-City System.
MUN Se-il; AKUTAGAWA Kazunori; ANDO Asao; SASAKI Komei
(1) Development of a general equilibrium model for a multi-region economy : This model describes formation of spatial structure of multi-region economy incorporating interaction between agglomeration effects in production and transport network. The model includes commodity market, labor market, land market, and capital market, and determines trade patterns via spatial price equilibrium. (2) Estimation of parameters and tests of the model We collected data on population, land, consumption, production, trade flows, and price variables for Tohoku Area of Japan. Parameters of production functions and trade model were estimated econometrically. We conducted calibrations to obtain parameter values that were difficult to estimate econometrically due to constraints of data availability. We then construct simulation system and conducted the final test. It turns out that the model traces well the spatial variations of population, wage, and output levels of each industry, although absolute errors are not small. We can say that the model is useful for predicting qualitative effects rather than quantitative effects (3) Simulation analysis to evaluate the effects of transportation network change We computed the spatial distribution or economic activities ana evaluate economic welfare for alternative transport network patterns that were corresponding to actually planned road improvement projects. Among the proposed plans, those projects improving connections between large city and small peripheral regions tends to have lower social benefits, and cause concentrations. On the other hand, those projects improving connections between peripheral regions have larger benefit values and promote dispersion of economic activities., Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research, 1998 -2000, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C) - A study on space-time changes in land prices based on the land price data-base in Tokyo Metropolitan Area
ANDO Asao; YAZAWA Norihiko; MUN Se-il; SASAKI Komei
This study is aimed at clarifying the space-time characteristics of land asset bubbles from three different viewpoints. The first is to check whether the diffusion process succeeds in reproducing the space-time changes in land prices when the data from the downward phase being included. Thus we first extend our data period to 1996 from the original duration of 1976 to 91. The compilation procedure includes estimations of 21 cross-sectional land price functions, whose parameters are to summarize the changes in land price formations in Tokyo Metropolitan Area. Accordingly, chapter 1 is devoted to the discussions on the technical alterations needed to extend our data base along with the chronological changes in parameters in land price functions. Chapter 2 utilizes the data base obtained above to examine the applicability of the diffusion model to the downward phase. The parameters obtained from both one and two-dimensional models are compared with those based on the data limited to the uprising phase. The second direction is to analyze the data as the spatial or space-time autocorrelation processes. In preparation for the direction, chapter 3 reviews the methods of hypothesis testing and parameter estimation under spatial autocorrelation. As an application, chapter 4 discusses a spatial error autocorrelation model with the hierarchical spatial weights, and applies the model to the land price data in Kawasaki City. Unlike the previous two directions, the third one is an effort to theoretically explain land price formations based on the dynamic behaviors of economic agents. An overlapping generation model considering land and financial assets may serve for the purpose. Along this line, chapter 5 formulates a prototype model that considers the saving behavior of households., Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research, 1997 -1999, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), TOHOKU UNIVERSITY - The effects of urban growth controls on urban spetial structure and the welfore of residents
SASAKI Komei; YAZAWA Norihiko; MUN Se-il; ANDO Asao
Urban growth controls have been analyzed from the standpoint of owner-residents to their utility level. Main results of the analysis are summarize : (1) Labor force supplied by renters is input into urban production and the wage rate is equal to their marginal product value, production sector profit is employ distributed among owner residents. Under this the optional city size is larger than the one where production activity is not incorporated. (2) Where congestion eternality due to population increase is perceive only by owner-residents, growth control becomes more stringent then that where eternality is not considered. However, if all residents are offered by congestion, then there is a possibility that a city is rather expended in comparison with the situation with no congestion eternality, particularly when transport cost in a city is relatively high or when the number of renters is lager relative to that of owners., Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research, 1997 -1998, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), Tohoku University - Impacts of telecommunication/transport system change on location of firms in regions
MUN Se-il; YAZAWA Norihiko; ANDO Asao; SASAKI Komei
1.We reviewed the literature in various disciplines such as transportation research, planning, geography, and economics which discuss the impacts of telecommunication/transport system change on economic activities. It is pointed out that the impacts of telecommunication/transport system change is different by the spatial scales, types of firm, objectives of communication. 2.We formulate a model of office firm which describes the means and frequency of communication with other firms, and location choice in a city. The model takes into account the quality level of communication. The impacts of telecommunication system change on intra-city transport demand, location distribution of office firms are investigated by means of computer simulation. It is shown that, as telecommunication cost decreased, transport demand may be either increased or decreased depending on the parameter values, and location distribution of firms is decentralized. 3.We analyzed how changes in inter-city telecommunication/transport system affects the firm's decision concerning function allocation between headquarters and branch office. We formulated the model of office firm which describes inter-firm communication to customers and intra-firm communications between headquarters and branch. The model also describes the inter-dependence among decision making by many firms, and determines the city size distribution. Based on the model, the effects of inter-city telecommunication/transport system change on firm location and city size are investigated.It is shown that improvement in telecommunication system is likely to promote branch location while improvement in transport system causes centralization of office functions to headquarters., Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research, 1996 -1997, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), Tohoku University - Political-Economic Analysis of Optimal Urban Management
SASAKI Komei; YAZAWA Norihiko; MUN Se-il; ANDO Asao
The shortcomings of the literature on political-economic model of urban management are that ; the role of the poor in urban production is not discussed ; spatial aspects such as city size or land constraints are not taken into consideration the present research intends to overcome those drawbacks, Setting a city with residents of two classes, it is hypothesized that developers as landowmers in a city decide how much land is renteal to whom at what level of rent so as to maximize rental revenue. Only rich people are concerned with urbarn enrvironment quality which depends on the ratio of the number of the poor to that of the richi in other words, the rich perceive the negative neighborhood externality from increased number of the poor in a city, This negative externality works to denease the bid-rent of the rich. On the other hand, the income of the rich increases with the amount of cheap labor supplied by the poor and thereby the bid-rent of the rich becomes higher. Therefore, from the viewpoint of the rich, There exists an optimal population composition such that both classes reside, in a city. Among the comparative static analyzes, of interest is the result of an increase in the extent of negative neighborhood externality. The analysis shows that when the poor's composition rate is high, an increase in the deteriaration rate of urban environment due to the high density of the poor might lead to increasing of the poor's density, thereby furthering urban environmental deterioration as a result. In order to avoid farther deterioration of unban environment, government, whether central or local, should provide better public housing, improve urban transportation systems, presrve sufficient open spaces, and promote education and public health programs., Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research, 1995 -1996, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), Tohoku University - 交通ネットワーク整備が地域別人口分布に及ぼす影響に関する研究
文 世一
本研究によって得られた成果は以下の通りである。 (1)多地域モデルの開発 本研究では、交通ネットワークによって結ばれた多数の地域から成るシステムを対象とし、集積の経済を指向する企業の立地と労働者世帯の移動を通じて実現する、地域別人口分布を求めるモデルの開発を行った。モデルは、世帯及び企業の行動と、財市場、労働市場、土地市場の一般均衡を記述しているので、地域別産業構造、財価格、賃金、地代など、多様な情報を出力することができる。 (2)地域間交通ネットワーク整備の効果に関するシミュレーション分析 モデルに、さまざまな交通ネットワークのパターンを入力し、それぞれについて、地域別人口分布がどのように変化したかを比較検討した。また、世帯の効用関数や、企業の生産関数におけるパラメータの変化が、人口分布に及ぼす影響も分析した。分析の結果、以下のような知見を得た。(a)交通費の低下は、企業や人口の大都市集中をもたらす、(b)多地域システムは複数の均衡解を持つので、均衡人口分布は初期点に依存するところが大きい、(c)ネットワーク整備の効果は、リンク整備順位が決定的に重要な影響を与える場合がある。 (3)交通ネットワーク整備の経済的評価 世帯の効用変化に基づいて交通ネットワーク整備の効果を評価する方法を開発し、それを上述の分析に適用した。分析の結果は次の通り、(a)交通ネットワーク整備は、交通費の低下を通じて財価格を低下させるので、経済厚生を改善する、(b)交通整備によって、産業構造と人口分布が変化したとき、効用水準は急激に上昇する。, 日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業, 1995 -1995, 奨励研究(A), 東北大学 - Evaluation System for the Transport Infrastructure Development Based on a Multi-regional Econometric Model with Regional Price Differentials.
ANDO Asao; KAKIMOTO Ryuji; MUN Se-il
The study is aimed at developing the tool to evaluate the impacts of largescale transport improvements on regional economies. We have been working on the model which primarily intended to describe the Chinese economy. (1)The initial model involves very complicated iterative procedures. We revised the computational procedure of the model to simplify its coding, and calculate the benchmark equilibrium for the new base year of 1987. The comparisons of our results with the Peking table and the interim interregional table available for that year are reported in Chapter 4. (2)The initial model is intended to calculate prices and quantities that attain the network equilibrium. In this regard, the model shares the similar goal as the CGE model though it considers only a part of equilibrium conditions. Thus we rebuilt the model as a multi-regional CGE model. (3)To help understanding the basic framework of the model, the simplified model for a closed economy consisting from firms, transport firms and households is presented in Chapter 2. It is shown that the equilibrium conditions for the problem are fully consistent with the interregional input-output system. (4)The full model that incorporates the public sector, foreign countries, and savings-investment behavior is presented in Chapter 3 with consideration of the availability of Chinese statistics. The possible modifications to the model that correspond to the alternative sets of endogenous variables are also discussed. (5)The model framework is applied to the assessment of economic losses caused by the Hanshin-Awaji earthquake. This version of the model, presented in Chapter 5, considers the equilibrium only in the quantity sphere as the price changes due to the transport interruption were minimal. In return, three transport modes are introduced to closely examine the effects of the damages in transport facilities., Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research, 1993 -1995, Grant-in-Aid for Developmental Scientific Research (B) - 都市における商業施設の立地均衡と最適配置
文 世一
本研究では、都市空間における商業活動の空間分布が市場メカニズムによっていかに決定されるかを明らかにするとともに、そのような空間分布が資源配分上望ましいものであるかを評価するために行われた。本年度の研究成果の概要は以下の通りである。 (1)商業施設の立地均衡のモデル化 ミクロ経済学の理論に基づいて、消費者、小売業、デベロッパー、及び地主の行動と、小売市場、床市場、土地市場の均衡をモデル化した。ここでは、企業組織の違いが立地分布や資源配分に及ぼす効果を分析するため、二通りのモデルを作成した。一つは、すべての小売業が小規模で完全競争的に行動する場合、もう一つは、大規模小売り店間の寡占競争の場合である。 (2)商業施設の最適配置と立地均衡との比較 商業施設の最適配置は、社会的余剰を目的関数とする数理計画問題を解くことによって求められる。そしてこのような問題の最適条件に関する式を、上で求めた二通りのモデルの立地均衡条件式と比較することにより、社会的最適を分権的に達成するための条件と政策手段を明らかにした。その結果は、小売業の立地行動は、消費者や他の小売業に外部効果を与えるとともに、寡占の場合には不完全競争による厚生損失があるため、効率的な資源配分を達成できないことがわかった。 (3)コンピュータ・シミュレーションによる商業施設の立地構造の分析 上述の理論分析につづいて、さらに具体的な分析を行うために、コンピュタ-・シミュレーションを行った。ここでは、モデルに含まれる種々のパラメータの変化が、立地均衡および最適配置のもとでの商業施設の分布、さらには経済厚生の分配にいかなる影響を与えるのかを分析した。, 日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業, 1994 -1994, 奨励研究(A), 東北大学 - 交通渋滞を考慮した高速道路の混雑料金に関する研究
文 世一
1.交通流と渋滞現象のモデル開発 交通流を圧縮性流体として扱い、渋滞列の延伸や縮小を衝撃波の伝播としてモデル化した。このモデルにもとづいて道路の走行費用を定式化した。 2.混雑料金の導出に関する理論分析 上のモデルにもとづいて、社会的便益を最大化するような交通量を求める問題を解くことによって混雑料金の計算式を導出した。本モデルは渋滞現象を考慮しているので、動学的な最適化問題を解いている。最適化の条件について分析した結果、渋滞が発生している場合には動学的外部効果があることを明らかにした。 3.コンピュータシュミレ-ショウによる分析 交通需要や道路に関する種々の条件のもとで交通流や渋滞長をシュミレートし、最適な混雑料金の額を計算した。その結果、最適な混雑料金を徴収することにより、渋滞を大きく軽減することができるが、動物学的外部効果のため料金はかなり高額になることが示された。 4.混雑料金と交通量配分の関する分析 上の分析は、一本の道路における交通流を対象としていたが、実際の都市では複数の道路がネットワークを形成している。ここでは交通量配分を効率化するための混雑料金の役割に注目する。社会的費用を最小化する問題を解くことにより、最適な経路別混雑料金を計算する式を導出した。さらに全ての道路で料金徴収が困難な現状を考慮した、次善の料金の導出を行い、その性質について検討した。, 日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業, 1993 -1993, 奨励研究(A), 東北大学 - A Dynamic Analysis of Multiple-Center Formation in a City
SASAKI Komei; SE-IL MUN
This study intended to undetake a dynamic analysis of the formation of multiple business centers in a city. Provided the centers of the CBD and the second business district (SBD) are prespecified in a linear city, an optimizing model was presented where the locations of new firms and households are determined so as to maximize the net rental revenue over the planning horizon. There are two alternative patterns of growth of the SBD.In both patterns, firms are located only in the CBD at the early stages of planning period. The difference between the two patterns occurs in later stage of time horizon when the number of firms in a city exceeds some threshold level : i.e., the CBD as well as the SBD expands (pattern 1) and only SBD grows (pattern 2). For the purpose of clarifying the conditions for each pattern to emerge, a numerical simulation analysis was performed. The result, in general, depens on the relative sizes of communication cost, transport cost, the location of a center of the SBD and so on : the higher the transport cost, the higher the growth rate of the subcenter ; the higher the communication cost, the further the CBD expands ; the further from the CBD the center of the SBD, the slower the speed of the formation of the SBD.This model can be used to evaluate the effects of establishing a subcenter by comparing the total rental revenue between the two cases, when a subcenter is established and when it it not established., Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research, 1992 -1993, Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C), TOHOKU UNIVERSITY - Economic Analysis of Urban Spatial Structure in Information Society
SASAKI Komei; MUN Se-il
Setting a nonmonocentric model where a firm can locate its two sectors, head-office and routine-function offices at different places, we have analyzed the possible patterns in equibrium of spatial distribution of firms and households, distance between the head-office and routine-function of a firm, wage profile, and land rent structure. The conditions for each pattern to emerge are particularly examined in detail with focusing on the costs for transaction and communication carried out by respective sectors of a firm. As information technology pervades firms, trips for communication made by routine-functinory sector will be substituted by telecommunication methods so that the communication cost per unit distance for that sector is lowered, On the other hand, the face-to-face contacts made by the head-office are not replaced by means of information collected and transmitted there is Cf high grade. The urban configuration in equilibrium varies depending on the communication cost of a firm relative to the other parameters, in particular, the commuting cost. An interesting observation is that, where "informationization" develops most, firms are decentralized in a city but their two functions are located at the some places, whereby the distance of trips for face-to-face contracts at the trading center will be longer than before the introduction of information technology. It is at the middle stage of the pervasion of information technology that that the head-office and routine-function office of a firm are located separately from each other., Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research, 1990 -1991, Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C), Tohoku University - Co-operative Research on Model Analyses for Regional Investment.
YOSHIKAWA Kazuhiro; MUN Seil; YAI Tetsuo; YAMAMOTO Koshi; KIMATA Noboru; KOBAYASHI Kiyoshi
Effective investment must be planned in restricted local budget, considering fair partnership between public sector and private sector. Various types of regional models were developed for local investment planning until now. This study aims to review a various types of regional models from the view point of investment effect spreading mechanism, and to discuss the applicability of them to regional investment policy analysis. (1) Investment Effects in Regional Economic Circulation Local public sector seems to play important role in regional economic circulation, by producing local employments and demands. We meet usually the difficult problem induced to severe trade-off between regional development effect and fiscal effect, especially when we control public dept. However, most of regional models to date pointed out development effect only, do not succeed to analyze fiscal effect. (2) Recent Development of Modeling Tbeory and Practice. History of regional econometric models or other behavioral models are reviewed and we pick up their mathematical structures. Each of those models have it's own mathematical structure depending on the considering investment and effect-spreading mechanism. LISREL modelling has wide applicability because it succeeds to model implicit structure based on preference data and behavioral result data. (3) Models for Metropolitan Areas. In metropolitan area, redevelopments have large part of urban change. Therefore, stocks or supplier's behavior must be analyzed. We introduce models suitable for such supply-side analysis. Furthermore, office firm location or fiduciary contract project are discussed. (4) Models for Non-metropolitan Areas. In non-metropolitan areas, there are various restrictions based on small functions existing in the region. We introduce regional disequilibrium modeling to explain such restrictions. Parameter estimating methods are also suggested based on disequilibrium property. (5) Other Topics When Models Are Applied. We also discussed other topics in order to get wider applicability. Data restriction and estimation techniques, risks in model analysis, and difficulties of large scale projects are discussed from various points of view., Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research, 1990 -1991, Grant-in-Aid for Co-operative Research (A), Kyoto University - 高度技術社会に対応したロジスティックシステムに関する研究
吉川 和広; 文 世一; 多々納 裕一; 小林 潔司; 岡田 憲夫; 奥村 誠
ロジスティックシステムとは、地域間の人・物・金・情報のフロ-を支えるようなハ-ド、ソフトなシステムを意味する。本研究では、産業のサイクルを見極めながら、環境条件を満足させつつ、ロジスティックシステムをいかに整備して、どのような産業を地域の中で育てていくかという問題を戦略的に検討する方法を開発する。 本年度は重点領域研究全体の初年度である。そこで概念の整理と次年度以降の枠組みの議論に重点をおいた。 1.技術革新とロジスティックシステムの概念に関する検討を行い、技術革新に対応した整備の重要性を明らかにした。特に、これまで港湾都市としての役割を果たしてきたベイエリア地域を対象にして、ロジステックシステムの意義と内容の変遷を歴史的に跡づけて実証的な考察を試みた。 2.地域の産業構造とロジスティックシステムとの関連性に関する検討を実施した。世界の主要国をサンプルとして、過去25年程度の工業生産デ-タを収集し、プロダクトサイクルの進行にともなって必要となるロジスティックシステムの内容が異なってくることを明らかにした。 3.ロジスティックシステムのあり方が地域構造に及ぼす影響を考察した。ここでは、最近の高度情報化に伴うテレコミュニケ-ション手段の発達が、コンタクトを多く行うようなオフィスの立地に対して、どのような影響を及ぼすかを検討する。本年度はオフィスの立地モデルの開発を行った。 4.さらに、近年の環境問題への関心の高まりを受けて、ロジスティックシステム整備においても環境条件を明示的に考慮する必要があると考え、来年度以降の研究枠組みについての議論を実施した。, 日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業, 1990 -1990, 重点領域研究, 京都大学 - 多都市システムの空間構造
Competitive research funding - 道路における混雑料金に関する研究
Competitive research funding - 都市構造のモデル分析
Competitive research funding - Spatial structure of multi-city system
Competitive research funding - Study on Congestion Tolls for Highway
Competitive research funding - Model Analysis of Urban Spatial Structure
Competitive research funding