| AOYAMA Kenjiro |  |
| Faculty of Psychology Department of Psychology | |
| Professor |
Last Updated :2024/07/18
Researcher Profile and Settings
researchmap
Research Interests
Research Areas
Research History
- 1991-1997 Animal Learning and Social Interaction
- 1997-Eating Behavior in Human and Animals
- 1997-Within-Session Changes in Responding
- 2003-Self Control and Choice Behavior
Research Experience
- Doshisha University, Faculty of Letters, 2008 - 2009
- - 同志社大学心理学部教授, 2009 -
- Doshisha University, Faculty of Letters, 2002 - 2008
- Associate Professor in Doshisha University, 2002 - 2008
- - Professor in Doshisha University, 2008 -
- Doshisha University, Faculty of Letters, 1997 - 2002
- Assistant Professor in Doshisha University, 1997 - 2002
- Doshisha University, 1999 - 2001
- Visiting Scholar in Washington State University, 1999 - 2001
- Doshisha University, Faculty of Letters, 1993 - 1997
- Asistant in Doshisha University, 1993 - 1997
Degree
Association Memberships
- 関西心理学会
- 日本行動科学学会
- 日本行動分析学会
- 日本社会心理学会
- 日本消費者行動研究学会
- 日本感情心理学会
- 日本心理学会
- 日本基礎心理学会
- 日本動物心理学会
- アメリカ心理学会
- Association for Behavior Analysis
- The Japanese Society of Social Psychology
- Japan Association for Consumer Studies
- American Psychological Association
- Association for Behavior Analysis
Committee Memberships
Published Papers
- Relationship between Delay Discounting and Individual Water Bottle and Reusable Bag Usage Behaviors −Examination of correlations with self-recorded data of behavior −
Kenjiro Aoyama
環境心理学研究, 12(1) 1 - 8, 26 May 2024 - The effect of observation by caregivers on 3 years old children's bias toward acting on inaccurate testimony
Masako Zanka; Kenjiro Aoyama
Behavioral science research, 59(1) 13 - 20, Sep. 2020, Scientific journal - 幼児が不正確な言語情報に従う傾向への情報提供者の観察の影響
残華雅子; 青山謙二郎
心理学研究, 90(60) 551 - 561, Feb. 2020, Scientific journal - Decaffeinated coffee induces a faster conditioned reaction time even when participants know that the drink does not contain caffeine
Mina Fukuda; Kenjiro Aoyama
LEARNING AND MOTIVATION, ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE, 59 11 - 18, Aug. 2017, Scientific journal - Tool manipulation by rats (Rattus norvegicus) according to the position of food
Akane Nagano; Kenjiro Aoyama
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS, NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP, 7, Jul. 2017, Scientific journal - Tool-use by rats (Rattus norvegicus): tool-choice based on tool features
Akane Nagano; Kenjiro Aoyama
ANIMAL COGNITION, SPRINGER HEIDELBERG, 20(2) 199 - 213, Mar. 2017, Scientific journal - Systemic injection of the DAD1 antagonist SCH 23390 reduces saccharin seeking in rats
Kenjiro Aoyama; Jesse Barnes; Jon Koerber; Edwin Glueck; Kylan Dorsey; Laura Eaton; Jeffrey W. Grimm
APPETITE, ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 105 8 - 13, Oct. 2016, Scientific journal - Rice deprivation affects rice cravings in Japanese people
Sakura Komatsu; Yasushi Kyutoku; Ippeita Dan; Kenjiro Aoyama
FOOD QUALITY AND PREFERENCE, ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 46 9 - 16, Dec. 2015, Scientific journal - The effect of the ratio of forced-choice trials on delayed reward choice in the rat
永野 茜; 青山 謙二郎
行動科学, 日本行動科学学会, 54(1) 31 - 40, Sep. 2015, Scientific journal - The role of the orbitofrontal cortex in delayed reinforcement choice in rats
Akane Nagano; Satomi Okumura; Kenjiro Aoyama; Tomoko Uekita
Shinrigaku Kenkyu, Japanese Psychological Association, 86(6) 603 - 609, 2015, Scientific journal - Operant Chambers for Rats : The Equipment and Research Uses
AOYAMA KENJIRO
Japanese Journal of Behavior Analysis, The Japanese Association for Behavior Analysis, 30(1) 46 - 51, 2015 - Food craving and its relationship with restriction and liking in japanese females
Sakura Komatsu; Kenjiro Aoyama
Foods, MDPI AG, 3(2) 208 - 216, 01 Jun. 2014, Scientific journal - Incubation of saccharin craving and within-session changes in responding for a cue previously associated with saccharin
K. Aoyama; J. Barnes; J. W. Grimm
APPETITE, ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 72 114 - 122, Jan. 2014, Scientific journal - Effects of an activity-based anorexia procedure on within-session changes in nose-poke responding
Kenjiro Aoyama
LEARNING AND MOTIVATION, ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE, 43(1-2) 48 - 54, May 2012, Scientific journal - Before a Full-Fledged Discussion : Comments on Wakazawa and Sugiyama (2011)
AOYAMA KENJIRO
Japanese Journal of Behavior Analysis, The Japanese Association for Behavior Analysis, 25(2) 150 - 152, 2011 - Effects of preload on within-session decreases in human eating behavior
高木 悠哉; 青山 謙二郎
Behavioral science research, 日本行動科学学会, 48(2) 91 - 101, 2010 - レポート課題への取り組みと遅延価値割引の程度の関係
青山 謙二郎; 高木 悠哉
行動科学, 49(1) 1 - 9, 2010 - Relation between food cravings and mood: Characteristics of rice craving
Komatsu Sakura; Tomono Takanari; Aoyama Kenjiro
THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON EMOTIONS, JAPAN SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON EMOTIONS, 17(2) 129 - 133, 2009 - Subjective probability of reward receipt and the magnitude effect in probability discounting
Mieko Isomura; Kenjiro Aoyama
Shinrigaku Kenkyu, Japanese Psychological Association, 79(2) 172 - 178, 2008, Scientific journal - The effect of manipulating appropriateness of real models on women's food intake
山崎真理子; 水野邦夫; 青山謙二郎
Behavioral science research, 日本行動科学学会, 47(1) 1 - 8, 2008 - The effects of television watching on within-session decreases in human eating behavior
高木悠哉; 青山謙二郎
Behavioral science research, 日本行動科学学会, 47(1) 19 - 30, 2008 - Effects of post-session wheel running on within-session changes in operant responding
Kenjiro Aoyama
LEARNING AND MOTIVATION, ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE, 38(3) 284 - 293, Aug. 2007, Scientific journal - The effects of food consumption by others on the consumption of food by experimental subjects: The study situation in which the experimenter cannot know how much subjects eat
YAMASAKI Mariko; MIDZUNO Kunio; AOYAMA Kenjirou
Japanese Journal of Social Psychology, The Japanese Society of Social Psychology, 23(2) 173 - 180, 2007 - Within-session decrease in response speed for every reinforcement delivery
Aoyama Kenjiro
The Japanese Journal of Psychonomic Science, The Japanese Psychonomic Society, 25(2) 181 - 186, 2007 - Within-session decreases in human eating behavior: Test for generality of an equation describing within-session changes
TAKAKI YUYA; AOYAMA KENJIRO
Japanese Journal of Behavior Analysis, The Japanese Association for Behavior Analysis, 20(1) 40 - 52, 2005 - Within-session changes in responding to water reinforcement: Effects of variability in the duration of reinforcement
Kenjiro Aoyama
Shinrigaku Kenkyu, Japanese Psychological Association, 74(6) 556 - 561, 2004, Scientific journal - The effect of taste-aversion learning on within-session response decrease during a continuous reinforcement (CRF) schedule
AOYAMA Kenjiro
The Japanese Journal of Psychonomic Science, The Japanese Psychonomic Society, 22(22(2)) 168 - 173, 2004 - Habituation contributes to within-session changes in free wheel running
K Aoyama; FK McSweeney
JOURNAL OF THE EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF BEHAVIOR, SOC EXP ANALYSIS BEHAVIOR INC, 76(3) 289 - 302, Nov. 2001, Scientific journal - Habituation may contribute to within-session decreases in responding under high-rate schedules of reinforcement
K Aoyama; FK McSweeney
ANIMAL LEARNING & BEHAVIOR, PSYCHONOMIC SOC INC, 29(1) 79 - 91, Feb. 2001, Scientific journal - Effects of hunger state on within-session response decreases under CRF schedule
K Aoyama
LEARNING AND MOTIVATION, ACADEMIC PRESS INC, 31(1) 1 - 20, Feb. 2000, Scientific journal - Within-session response rate in rats decreases as a function of amount eaten
K Aoyama
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR, PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 64(5) 765 - 769, Jul. 1998, Scientific journal - Satiation effect on within-session changes in rat feeding behavior.
AOYAMA KENJIRO
The Japanese Journal of Animal Psychology, The Japanese Society for Animal Psychology, 47(1) 37 - 45, 1997 - Effects of shock experience on aversiveness caused by the scream of other rats: Overshadowing tests of the association assumption
Kenjiro Aoyama; Hiroshige Okaichi
Shinrigaku Kenkyu, Japanese Psychological Association, 67(4) 321 - 326, 1996, Scientific journal - The influence of conspecific distress responses on the lever choice behavior in the rat
K. Aoyama; H. Okaichi
The Japanese Journal of Psychology, The Japanese Psychological Association, 65(4) 286 - 294, Jan. 1994 - Diazepam Attenuates Scream Escape/avoidance Behavior in Rats
AOYAMA KENJIRO; OKAICHI HIROSHIGE
The Japanese Journal of Animal Psychology, The Japanese Society for Animal Psychology, 44(1+2) 1 - 7, 1994 - A rat can use another rat's behavior as a discriminative stimulus.
AOYAMA KENJIRO; OKAICHI HIROSHIGE
The Japanese Journal of Animal Psychology, The Japanese Society for Animal Psychology, 41(2) 116 - 124, 1991
MISC
- Effect of plate size on the amount of popcorn self-served to the plate, eaten, and left over
青山 謙二郎; 青井 友里; 木本 知沙; 小林 博子
Doshisha Psychological Review, 70 1 - 6, Mar. 2024 - 皿の大きさが地球環境を変える？ ： 視覚が食行動に及ぼす心理学的影響
青山 謙二郎
青淵, (899) 20 - 22, Feb. 2024, Introduction other - Effects of differential reinforcement of lever-press duration on latency and location of response
Aoyama Kenjiro
The liberal arts, Doshisha University, 180 178 - 192, 2007 - Within-session changes in human feeding behavior: A preliminary report
青山 謙二郎; 青山 謙二郎; 坂本 敏郎
Doshisha Psychological Review, Doshisha University, 48(48) 19 - 28, 2001 - Emotional responses of rat as positive reinforcer in shcedule-induced aggression situation
Aoyama Kenjiro
Bunkagaku-nenpo : annual report of cultural studies, Doshisha University, 46 114 - 132, 1997 - ラットの悲鳴の音響的な特性と負の強化子としての機能の関係
青山 謙二郎
文化学年報(同志社大学文化学会), 43 155 , 1993
Books etc
- ようこそ、心理学部へ
同志社大学心理学部(編)
筑摩書房, Mar. 2022, Contributor, 第７章 食行動の心理学 — 食欲とおいしさは何で決まるか - 心理学からみた食べる行動 — 基礎から臨床までを科学する
青山謙二郎; 武藤崇(編著
北大路書房, Jun. 2017, Joint editor - 食べる ー食べたくなる心のしくみ
二瓶社, 2009 - 子どものこころを育む発達科学―発達の理解・問題解決・支援のために
北大路書房, 2008 - オペラント行動および動機づけ行動のセッション内変動に関する数量モデルによる研究
北大路書房, 2007
Works
- 独立行政法人食品総合研究所との食行動に関する共同研究
2009 -2009 - 味の素（株）ライフサイエンス研究所との食行動に関する共同研究
2007 -2009 - ハウス食品（株）との食行動に関する共同研究
2008
Research Projects
- Effects of conditioning on time-restricted feeding and body weight control
Aoyama Kenjiro
Mice and rats become obese when high-fat or high-sugar diets are constantly available. Restricting the opportunity to consume these foods during the active (dark) period alleviates obesity. In the present study, rats were not restricted from consuming nutritionally balanced diets, but were restricted from consuming sugar. In Experiment 1, sugar was presented four times per day (60 min per session). The non-restricted group was presented sugar twice respectively during the dark and light periods. On the other hand, the restricted group was presented sugar four times during the dark period. The results showed that caloric intake tended to be higher in the restricted group, but there was no difference in body weight. In Experiment 2, sugar was presented once a day. Sugar was presented during the light period for the light group and during the dark period for the dark group. There was no difference in caloric intake, but the body weight was heavier in the light group than the dark group., Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research, 2019/04 -2022/03, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), Doshisha University - Effects of extinction of conditioned satiety on the body-weight gain induced by artificial sweetener consumption in rats
Aoyama Kenjiro; Grimm Jeffrey W.
We investigated the effects of artificial sweetener consumption on body-weight gain and operant responding for sugar pellets in rats. Repeated experience of artificial sweetener should extinguish the conditioned satiety response to the sweet taste CS and thus should facilitate chow intake and body-weight gain. In addition, the experience of artificial sweetener should increase operant responding for sugar pellets and alleviate within-session decreases in responding. Results from the experiments supported these predictions. However, we found that maintenance diet was an important mediator for the effects of artificial sweeter consumption on body-weight gain, chow consumption, and operant responding for sugar pellets., Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research, 2015/04 -2019/03, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), Doshisha University - Functional approach to social and psychological development with emergence of behavior in infancy
Uchiyama Ichiro; AOYAMA Kenjiro; TANAKA Ayumi; ISHIKAWA Takayuki; HOSOKAWA Toru
Although most researchers state that emotion is a difficult concept to define to compare with cognition and behavior, what is being called a functionalist approach proposes that emotion is easy to define such as cognition and behavior. Emotion occurs whenever an event is encountered which is significant to the person. What makes an event significant is the relation between an event and one of four fundamental axioms: 1) how the event relates to a person’s goals, 2) how an event links up with the hedonic state of the person, 3) how an event relates to the social reactions of another person, 4) how an event relates to the prior experiences of an individual. In the study, we intend to propose cogently the basic principles of a functionalist approach, how it differs from the orthodox approach, how it is relevant to the contemporary interest in the relation among social cognition, emotion, and behavior, and how it can be examined in experiments systematically in infancy and childhood., Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research, 2013/04 -2016/03, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), Doshisha University - Effects of einvironmebntal enrichment and experience for incubation of sugar dependence
AOYAMA Kenjiro
Previous studies have suggested that some individuals may develop addictive-like behaviors when consuming palatable foods, such as sugar. Incubation of craving has been observed following cocaine, heroin, and sucrose self-administration. This study investigated the behavioral mechanism of incubation of craving. The following results were obtained. First, incubation of craving was observed following non-caloric artificial sweeter (saccharin) self-administration. This result suggests that caloric consequence is not a necessary condition for the development of incubation of craving. Second, incubation of craving was observed after intermittent abstinence of sucrose. This result showed that abstinence of sucrose does not have to be continuous. Third, environmental enrichment reduced cue-reactivity for sucrose cue but did not attenuate incubation of sugar consumption., Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research, 2012/04 -2015/03, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), Doshisha University - Functional analysis among cognition, emotion, and behavior development in infancy and toddlers
UCHIYAMA Ichiro; AOYAMA Kenjiro; TANAKA Ayumi; UEKITA Tomoko; HOSOKAWA Toru; KATO Masaharu
PMD training for prelocomotor infants have been resulted to showing greater wariness of heights when lowered to the deep side on a visual cliff with parachute paradigm. The results show the psychological consequences of motor activity. In other words, infants didn’t show wariness of heights until they had acquired experience of self produced locomotion., Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research, 2010 -2012, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), Doshisha University - Total research to prevent falling away from therapeutic program for obesity by psychological techniques
SATO Suguru; AOYAMA Kenjiro; HATA Toshimichi
In this study, it is hypothesized that the negative emotion would disturb the controlling of eating behavior. This procedure reduced the amount of snack intake after the lunch. The first study was done by Aoyam. In the experiment, participants were asked to input the contents of their lunch into their cell phones to facilitate their memory about the lunch. The second study was done by Hata. Using rats, it was examined the effect of the restriction of high-fat food and the enhancement of the sympathetic adrenal medullary(SAM) axis on the choice of high-fat food. It was shown that the choice of high-fat food increased following enhancement of the SAM axis irrespective of the experience of food restriction. The third study was done by Sato. It was reported that negative emotion disturbed the controlling of body weight reducing., Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research, 2009 -2011, Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Exploratory Research, Doshisha University - Experimental study about the factors that terminate eating behavior in order to maintain healthy amount of food consumption
AOYAMA Kenjiro
This project investigated the factors that contribute to termination of feeding behavior both in human and animal subjects. In human, termination of feeding was not affected by the caloric content of the food when the participants were not informed about the caloric content. In rats, termination of feeding was affected by the past experience about the caloric content of the food, not by the current caloric content of the food. These results suggest that immediate factor to termination of feeding is the past experience about the caloric contents of the food., Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research, 2009 -2011, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), Doshisha University - Development and application of self-control scales which are really useful to medicine and education
TAKAHASHI Masaharu; IKEGAMI Masanaga; KAMAKURA Yayoi; FUKADA Junko; MOMOSE Yumiko; SAKAGAMI Takayuki; ITOU Masato; SAEKI Daisuke; HIRAOKA Hiraoka; AOYAMA Kenjiro
In the educational field, we developed a test of delay discounting for schoolchildren and university students. Rates of discounting in schoolchildren are correlated with learning performances in mathematics and could be improved by educational interventions. Similarly, rates of discounting in university students were correlated with their learning attitudes and high discounting rates predicted less time in writing research papers. In the medical field, patients with type II diabetes mellitus who showed low scores in sensation seeking scales showed high HbA1c after discharging. Moreover, we developed a self-control scale for health behavior and showed that high scores of the scale predicted better oral cares in elder healthy people and more faithful observances of medications and dietary cures in chronic kidney disease., Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research, 2008 -2011, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), Asahikawa Medical College - 「食事ストレス」が食物の好み、摂食量および食行動の異常に及ぼす効果の実験的検討
青山 謙二郎
本研究の目的は、「食事ストレス」という観点からラットが予期しない大量の食物を摂取することが食物の好みや摂取量に及ぼすネガティブな効果を検討し、さらには活動性拒食症(activity anorexia)と呼ばれる現象の原因を解明することであった。特に、平成19年度は、活動性拒食症の手続きが、ラットの摂食行動のセッション内減少に及ぼす影響を通じて、その発生メカニズムを検討した。具体的には、実験群では1日1回1時間だけ、昨年度導入した回転車付スキナー箱において餌を与えた。その1時間のみ、ラットはNose Poke行動をする度に1粒の餌を得ることができ、またこの1時間の間は回転車にはブレーキがかけられ、走行することができなかった。1日の残りの時間はブレーキが解除され走行することができるが、餌は与えられなかった。水は常に自由に飲むことができた。統制群では1日中回転車にブレーキがかけられ走行することができない以外は実験群と同じ手続きであった。その結果、活動性拒食症の手続きは、ラットのNose Poke行動を通じた摂食行動のセッション内減少に影響を与えた。摂食のペース(単位時間あたりのNose Poke反応数)は、累積強化数の1次関数として記述することが可能であり、さらに、活動性拒食症の手続きはその回帰直線のy軸切片には影響を与えず、傾きを急にし、x軸切片の値を小さくした。この効果は、先行研究(Aoyama,2000)において明らかにされた、絶食時間を短くして空腹を弱めた効果と類似しており、摂食後の走行に基づく味覚嫌悪学習の効果(Aoyama,2007)とは異なっていた。, 日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業, 2006 -2007, 若手研究(B), 同志社大学 - セルフコントロールと選択行動
2003, Competitive research funding - Self-Control and Choice Behavior
2003, Competitive research funding - オペラント条件付け場面でラットの食行動に1強化あたりの報酬量の変動性が及ぼす効果
青山 謙二郎
本研究の目的はラットのレバー押し行動に対して与える報酬の量的なヴァラエティーが、レバー押し行動および摂取行動に対して与える影響を調べることである。動機づけ行動に関する馴化理論(Aoyama ＆ McSweeney,2001;MgSweeney ＆ Swindell,1999)の予測にしたがえば、報酬の質的なヴァラエティー(例、味などのヴァラエティー)だけでなく、量的なヴァラエティーも摂取量の増加をもたらす。前年度には全てのレバー押し行動に対して報酬を提示する連続強化条件で、液体報酬を用いた場合、この予測を支持する結果を得た。今年度は固形の餌(ペレット)を用いてこの予測を検証した。 実験1では被験体は6匹のラットであり、餌の量を制限して自由摂食時体重の約85%に減量した。水は自由に摂取可能であった。1粒45mgの餌ペレットの提示量を毎回3粒とする統制条件と餌の提示量を1から5粒(平均3粒)の間で変化させる実験条件とを比較した。結果は、両条件の総反応量と総摂取量は同じであり、馴化理論の予測を支持しなかった。セッション内変動パターンも全く同一であった。実験2では、実験条件での変動の範囲を広げた。餌の提示量が平均は3粒のまま、1から11粒の間でランダムに変化する第一実験条件と、さらに1から21粒の間で変化する第二実験条件を設けた。さらに、強化スケジュールは連続強化とVI1分の2つを用いた。それ以外の手続きは実験1と同様であった。結果も実験1と同様であり、連続強化・VIの両スケジュールとも、2つの実験条件において、総反応量も総摂水量も統制条件と差がなかった。したがって、量的なヴァラエティー効果が固形報酬では支持されず、前年度の液体報酬の場合と矛盾した結果となった。, 日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業, 2001 -2002, 若手研究(B), 同志社大学 - 人間とラットの摂食行動
1997, Competitive research funding - Eating Behavior in Human and Animals
1997, Competitive research funding - 植物剥奪に起因する内的刺激が摂食行動を機制する際の海馬機能の検討
青山 謙二郎
本研究は海馬損傷ラットの摂食行動および空腹感の知覚を調べることを通じて、空腹感の知覚と摂食行動との関係を調べることを目的とした。 被験体としてWistar系雄アルビノラット12匹を用いた。第1実験では、オペラント箱の引込式餌皿内に鼻突込み行動を行うことによって餌ペレット(45mg)を獲得することをラットに学習させ、1時間、12時間、23時間絶食の3つの条件で、摂食量の変化を調べた。オペラント箱は今回導入した防音箱内に設置した。各条件3回ずつ9日間(1日50分)の訓練の後、6匹のラットに海馬采-脳弓損傷を施し、回復の後再び9日間の摂食テストを行った。摂食テストの結果、統制ラットも海馬損傷ラットも、絶食時間が長くなるほど多くの餌を食べた。このことは、海馬損傷が、空腹水準に応じた摂食量の機制に本質的には影響しないことを示す。 第2実験では、同じラットにDavidson & Jarrard(1993)と同様の手続きで、空腹状態を、電撃を信号する弁別刺激として用いる訓練を施した。0時間あるいは24時間の絶食水準のどちらかでラットに電撃を与え、他方の水準では与えなかった。消去テストにおいて、統制ラットは絶食に由来する空腹水準の弁別が可能であり、電撃が与えられた空腹水準で、与えられなかった空腹水準よりも多くの凍結反応を示した。一方、海馬損傷ラットは空腹感の知覚に障害を示し、電撃が与えられた空腹水準でも与えられなかった空腹水準でも同程度の凍結反応を示した。 以上の結果は、空腹感の知覚は摂食行動を規定する直接の原因ではなく、両者は並列的な関係にあることを示唆している。, 日本学術振興会, 科学研究費助成事業, 1995 -1995, 奨励研究(A), 同志社大学